In 2D the turtle only had a heading and could turn left/right.
In 3D it carries a full orthonormal frame — three perpendicular unit vectors that
travel with it:
H heading (where it draws), L left, U up. They stay
perpendicular no matter how the turtle tumbles.
Three pairs of symbols now rotate the frame about each axis:
+ - yaw (about U), & ^ pitch (about L),
\ / roll (about H). [ and ] save and restore
the whole frame, so a branch can veer off in any direction and snap back.
Add P (petal) and L (leaf) and the same
tiny grammar grows lilies, ferns and bursts.